1+Circulatory+system

__The circulatory system and its components __

  

 In our last Biology Unit for Grade Nine, we will be looking at Blood, circulation & circulatory systems – both in humans and comparing with other living things.  // Complete the following questions ( //[|//Section 3.1//]// / Pages 60-63) to create a good set of notes! //  A: The Circulatory System  (1) Why do we need a circulatory system? (2 parts to the answer here)   the circulatory system helps to bring all the needed of the body’s cells such as oxygen, || Nutrients, it also removes the waste products within the body. the other job of the  ||  Circulatory system is the main transportation and cooling system to the body. ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(2) (a) What are the four parts to our transport (or mass flow) system? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> The four parts of the transport system are: · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Blood · <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Unicellular organisms · <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Multicellular organisms <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> · <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">plasma <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(b) Describe the role (or job) of each part of our transport system. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Parts & functions of the human transport system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Part  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Role /function  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> 1  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Blood plasma || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Transport materials around the body (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products) and protect the body against the wounds. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> 2  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> cells || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> It is the molecule transport, it a energy conversion and it is also a reproduction  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> 3  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Vessels / tubes || <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> The blood vessels are used to carry the blood to your heart that pumps blood to your whole body  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> 4  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> Heart || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> The heart pumps blood into the blood vessels. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> B: The Blood <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 6pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(c) In an average human, there is approximately 5 to 6 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">liters of blood? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(d) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Components of Blood <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Appearance (shape & size) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Main Function || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">How their structure helps their function (job) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Plasma || <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">55% – P<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> lasma || The bloods Plasma helps things to flow. Without plasma there would be not flow and all the cells of the body would die.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">In liquid form so they could flow around || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Red Blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(Erythrocytes) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">44% of red blood cells in blood <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || It helps to bring oxygen to the heart<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">They have no nucleus to be small and fit through capillaries, their shape has a large surface area so they could caries oxygen || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">White blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(lymphocytes) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1% of white blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">It helps to fight diseases and it can spread oxygen by breathing really hard. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">They are irregularly shaped and there are fewer of them in the body. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">White blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(Phagocytes) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1% of white blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || It kills bacteria and within the cell bacteria is digested and killed<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">They are irregularly shaped and there are fewer of them in the body. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Platelets || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1% of platelets || It substance the blood uses to form clots. Without platelets, when you get a scratch or a cut, you would bleed to death<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">They clot the blood || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Q2: A sample of human blood is collected and placed in a tube and centrifuged. The blood separates into two distinct layers. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(a) What are the two layers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">1. Plasma || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">2. Red and white blood cells || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Q4: The table below shows the cell composition of three different samples of blood. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Amount of blood components from three different people. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> |||||| Blood cell count from different people (number per mm3) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Person || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jill || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jenny || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jackie || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Red blood cells || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">7 500 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">5 000 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">2 000 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">White blood cells || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">500 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">6 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">5 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Platelets || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">250 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">255 000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">50 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">

Q4:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> The table below shows the cell composition of three different samples of blood.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Amount of blood components from three different people. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> (a) Which person is most likely to have lived at a high altitude recently? Explain your answer. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> (b) Which person would be the most likely to become ill if exposed to a virus? Explain your answer. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> (c) Which person’s blood is least likely to clot efficiently? Explain your answer. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> (d) Which person is likely to have an iron deficiency in her diet? Explain your answer. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> (e) These three samples were all taken from 23 year-old women. Explain why this makes the comparison between them valid. The Human Circulatory System
 * |||||| **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Blood cell count from different people ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(number per mm3) ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Person ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jill ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jenny ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Jackie ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Red blood cells || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">7 500 000 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">5 000 000 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">2 000 000 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">White blood cells || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">500 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">6 000 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">5 000 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Platelets || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">250 000 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">255 000 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right;">50 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Jackie is most likely to have lived at a high altitude because she has the least amount of Red Blood Cells which tells us that she had a low supply of oxygen recently. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Jill is most likely to become ill if exposed to a virus because she has only 500 white blood cells. When I person has HIV their white blood cells count decreases hugely and their immune system begins to shut down and fail so other illnesses can attack more easily and without retaliation. She has an obvious deficiency of Lymphocytes in her blood. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Jackie’s blood is the least likely to clot well because she has the lowest number of Platelets which make your blood clot when needed. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Jackie is most likely to have an iron deficiency because she has the least number of Hemoglobin in her blood because of a lack of oxygen in her red blood cells. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Age affects blood because as people get older, their red blood cell count goes down. ||

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">pages 64-65 (although you will need other sources for some questions

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(1) = = <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Our **circulatory system** consists of: (1) Blood <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt;"> (2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Blood vessels -(a) Arteries -(b) Arterioles

-(c) Capillaries

-(d) Veins

-(e) Venules

(3) Heart

(2) As the blood flows around our system, it goes through the following vessels

(cross out two) ||||  |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;">Low / medium / high (cross out two) ||||  |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;">Low / medium / high (cross out two) ||||  ||   ||   || Because it is closest to heart ||||  |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Its further away ||||   |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">It’s the farthest away ||||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> (3) Humans have what is called **double circulation.**
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">Heart |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">→ |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Arteries |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">→ |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Capillaries |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">→ |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Veins |||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">→ |||||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">Back to heart ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Blood pressure here |||||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;">Low / medium / high
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Blood pressure here |||||| <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;">Low / medium / high
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reason for this blood pressure |||||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reason for this blood pressure |||||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">

In mammals, the characteristic [|**blood**] circulatory system. The [|**heart**] is divided into two halves, each half working as a separate pump. One side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the heart. The other side of the heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body and back to the heart.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(a) What is double circulation? ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">(a) Explain the consequence of humans having double circulation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt;">The blood flows to the lungs under high pressure (so a large volume of blood flows past the lungs ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Surfaces in a short time). ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Components of the human circulatory system: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(cross-section) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt;"> [] || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 4pt;"> [] || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 3pt;">http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Cardiovascular03_files/image006.jpg || - Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibers - Narrow central tube (lumen) - Smooth lining so no obstruction to flow of blood || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- Thin outer wall - Wide central tube (lumen) - Thin layer of muscles and elastic fibers - Flap of watch pocket valve. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- They have thin walls so diffusion can occur at a faster rate. - They have a narrow diameter to increase the pressure and keep the blood moving. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">They have spaces between endothelial cells so that larger molecules can be excreted from the capillaries || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Blood is at high pressure <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Blood is rich in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide (except pulmonary artery || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Carries blood from the tissues to the heart. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Blood is at low pressure <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Blood is low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide (except in the pulmonary vein) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">They allow intimate close-contact with muscle and other body cells with red blood cells. It is in capillaries that oxygen exchange occurs. In close contact with muscular myoglobin, adult hemoglobin releases its oxygen and myoglobin picks it up. ||
 * || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Artery ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Vein ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Capillary ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Diagram **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Key **Structures** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(features) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- Thick outer wall
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Main **function** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(job) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Carries blood away from heart to the tissues
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">How **structure** helps with **function**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(how key features help with job) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Elastic walls expand and relax as blood is forced out of the heart. This causes the pulse that you can feel if you press an artery against the bone, for example in the wrist. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Thick walls withstand the high pressure of the blood. Rings of muscle can narrow or widen the artery and control the blood flow in it according to the body’s needs. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Valves prevent the backflow of blood. Blood is at low pressure, but nearby muscles squeeze the veins and help push blood back towards the heart. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Large diameter and thin walls reduce resistance to the flow of blood ||  ||