5+Comparing+with+other+species

​ __**Comparing human circulation system with other species **__

Types of Circulatory System
An organisms that uses a closed circulatory system generally consists of blood, heart and blood vessels. The blood of the living organism stays inside the blood vessels (such as the veins, arteries, capillaries, etc.) all the time. The blood does not travel or flow throughout the organisms. Instead, it is strictly remained in the blood vessels || No lining. No enclosed fluid. Muscular pharynx leads to an extensively branched digestive system that facilitates direct diffusion of nutrients of all cells. Oxygen diffuse from the surrounding water into the cells and Carbon dioxide out through their moist surface. || The blood is also pumped through a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries. || Higher pressure in blood vessels. || The body of the organism is usually flattened which restricts the distance of any cell from the digestive system or the exterior of the organism. || Since the blood is kept in the arteries and veins all the time, it is always kept in a high pressure, which also means that the blood can travel throughout the body and therefore delivering more oxygen to the cells. Since the nutrients, oxygen and waste is transported rapidly, these living organisms usually have a high metabolic rate. ||  || velocity of blood flows -Less variability of oxygen uptake -Diffusion is limited -Low metabolic rates || The disadvantages of a closed system is that the blood are present in the vessels, which consists of a thin wall that forms a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue cells. Oxygen, nutrients and other substances have to cross this wall through diffusion and into the surrounding cells. ||  ||
 * || **Opened Circulatory System** || **Closed Circulatory System** || **Absence of Circulatory System** ||
 * **Key Features** || An open circulatory system one in which blood/hemolymph is pumped by a tubular or sac-like heart through short vessels to the peripheral organs then to the body cavity. There is no system of veins to carry the blood back to the heart || The closed circulatory system consists of pumping blood from the heart to vessels which will go to the organs.
 * **Effecs on blood flow** ||  || The blood remains in the organism while the body of the organism can still be provided with oxygen and nutrients
 * **Servicing on cell** ||  || The blood never comes in direct with the rest of the cells in the body. The oxygen and nutrients in the blood travels through the thin walls of the capillaries in to the other cells. || Consequently every cell is able to obtain nutrients, water, oxygen without the need of a transport system.
 * **Advantages** || Greater control of body temperature || Blood can be transferred in a faster rate in the closed circulatory system. This also depicts the fact that both oxygen and nutrients can be supplied in body faster, while wasted can also be easily transported.
 * **Disadvantages** || - Limited capability to increase and decrease the distribution and
 * **Examples** || Insects, ants, lobsters, snails, grasshoppers ||  || Flatworm ||
 * **Diagram** ||  ||   ||   ||

​ Circulatory System of Different Species
The fishes uses a single cycle circulation where the heart pumps out blood containing oxygen to the gills of the fish and then circulates throughout the entire body. This is different from the circulation system of humans and mammals since the deoxygenated blood does not re-enter the heart to produce newly oxygenated blood. The blood in being pumped through the capillaries of the gills then to the capillaries of the body tissues. Therefore the circulation system of the fish only consists of a heart (which is the pump) and two chambers. || The heart system of a fish is the simplest in comparison to other vertebrates (animals that have a backbone). There are two main chambers, which the thin walled atrium that pumps blood in to the ventricle, then it pumps the blood to the conus where the blood travels to the gills. This is where oxygen is supplied. Therefore, the oxygenated blood travels around the body and becomes deoxygenated blood, then returns to the atrium where it is oxygenated again. || || One atrium receives blood returning from the body and one receives blood returning from the lungs. The ventricle is undivided, so mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood still can occur. The only separation of blood is in the timing of when blood enters the ventricle. After passing into the conus arteriosus blood flows into the truncus arteriosus, this bifurcates and travels through the rest of the body. || || ss || So.. How are circulatory systems (open/closed) of living organisms suit to their particular lifestyle? Briefly, in the Closed Circulatory System, the movement of the blood remains in the blood vessels, while in the open circulatory system, blood is pumped throughout all the body spaces. All Vertebrates (Organisms that have a back bone) and some invertebrates have a closed circulatory system. There are both advantages as there are disadvantages in organisms having a closed or an open circulatory system. However, some living organisms such as insects have an open circulatory system consisting of a heart, aorta, and sinuses also advantages. One example is that, in many adult insects, the open circulatory system is specialized in regulating the body temperature. Therefore, they are also able to provide means of natural heat for the body. The advantages of having a fast metabolic rate in insects is that the it reacts in a faster manner, and it is able to get away from it's predators. One evidence is that flying insects exhibit has metabolic rate that is twice as fast of a humming bird.
 * || **Type of Circulatory System** || **Type of Heart** || **Diagram** ||
 * **Fish** || The type of circulatory system that fishes use is the closed system, where the blood travels across the body through blood vessels.
 * ** Insect ** || Open circulatory system || In insect circulatory system, there is a dorsal vessel which is a flexible tube that runs through the thorax and abdomen, along the inside of the dorsal body wall. It is closed at the posterior end and open at the anterior end. In the abdomen, the dorsal vessel is called the heart, which is divided into chambers separated by small valve-like openings called ostia, through which blood enters the heart. Each chamber has a pair of alary muscles which expand and contract to facilitate the flow of hemolymph through the heart. Some insects have several hearts ||  ||
 * ** Worm ** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * ** Amphibian ** || Closed, double and incomplete circulatory system || Three-chambered heart (consisting of 2 atria and single ventricle).
 * **Human** || Closed, double and complete circulatory system. || Four-chambered heart. Top two chambers are the atriums and the bottom two chambers are the ventricles. The atriums both contract at the same time as do the two ventricles. Blood enters the heart via the superior and the inferior vena cava. The right atrium receives the blood first. The right atrium contracts and forces the blood into the right ventricle. || [[image:http://brittgow.globalteacher.org.au/files/2009/10/circulatory_system.jpg width="180" height="276"]]