3+Immunity+&+vaccination



Immunity and vaccination  (1) Download the [|Immunity and Vaccination notes template]. Use the internet (& maybe your textbooks) to create notes to explain the content on this sheet. Images may help….

(2) Download the [|Types of immunity worksheet]. Use the internet (& maybe your textbooks) to create notes to explain the content on this sheet. Images may help….

Active immunity: When you make antibody or any type of protection directly from your body, not from any other source Passive immunity: It's when you get an antibody or any type of protection from another source, not from your body, like medicine. Natural immunity: The natural ablity to be immune to a specific type of pathogen Artificial immunity: The be immune to a type of pathogen causes by humans/made by humans for example: Vaccine, Medicine
 * __//Immunity://__**

When our body is invaded by a pathogen, our white blood cells attack the pathogen. 3 – 10 days later, our body figures out how to build an assassin cell/protein for that type of pathogen. This protein is called an antibody.
 * __//Pathogen//__** = disease causing organism.

Antibody is highly effective but only attack one type of pathogen Our body remembers how to make each new type of antibody, for next time. Next time that type of pathogen invades our body, (i.e. we catch that disease), our antibodies quickly destroy it. We are now immune (and so catch most diseases only once). The shape of the antibody are always a "Y" shape, the end of the "Y" shape signal the T lymphocites to terminate the pathogen, and the top head of the "Y" regconize and attach to the antigen to label it.
 * __//Antibody//__**:


 * //__Vaccination__//** is where we trick our body by injecting weak or dead pathogen into ourselves. Our body quickly makes antibodies, this means athat we are prepared for when we catch that disease. But it still takes 3 - 10 days for our body to figure out how to make the right antibody. For immediate protection, we can inject another person ’s antibodies to fight that disease. This gives us immediate protection but does not last long as our immune system will attack these injected antibodies as they are foreign to us.


 * __//Lymphocite//__** is a part of the human body which makes different antibodies. There are two types of lymphocytes, the B(Bone) cells and the T(Thymus) cells. B cells basically makes anitibodies, and the T cells attack pathogen directly, it can also store/remmeber some of the anitibodies that kill a specific type of pathogen so that the next time the same pathogen enter your body it doesn't have to wait for 3-10 days to create a suitable anitbody. Lymphocyte is in the verbrate immune system (in the bone marrow).


 * __//Phagocytes//__**, they are the white blood cells that ingest pathogen. There are two types of phagocytes, one is proffesional and the other one is non-professional. The difference between them is that the professional have molecules called the "receptors" that can indentify harmful objects like bacteria and they are not commonly found in your body. Not only do they fight against pathogen but they are also responsible removing dead cells out of your body system, it's like a cleaning system in your body.

__**Transplant and**__ **__Protecting the body from foreign materials__** Every living cell produces a protein that is specific to itself. This means every cell in our body produces our own specific antibodies. Any cell not producing this protein is identified as non- self (foreign) and our defense system tries to destroy it. Our defense system can attack dead cells (they no longer produce the specific protein) or even organ transplants pathogens (as they produce the protein specific to somebody else). To stop transplant organs being destroyed by our immune system, we take drugs to suppress our immune system, for a long period of time. The more closely related we are to the organ donor, the more similar these proteins are. This is why it is better to get organ transplants from close relatives. Even pathogens produce their own proteins, called antigens (short for antibody generators – as they trigger us to produce antibodies).

Babies and the beginning of immunication (vacination) At birth, infants have protection against certain diseases because antibodies have passed through the placenta from the mother to the unborn child. After birth, breastfed babies get the continued benefits of additional antibodies in breast milk. But in both cases, the protection is temporary. Immunization (vaccination) is a way of creating immunity to certain diseases by using small amounts of a killed or weakened microorganism that causes the particular disease.